As the 1920’s approached, artists and writers alike began to develop a more distinguished style. The new generation of writers that came after WWI were pessimistic, claiming that only a civilization without direction would go into a war that killed millions of people. They became known as the “Lost Generation,” due to the fact that they had lost faith in the “cultural guideposts of the Victorian era.” Cynicism and skepticism became a staple for both art and literature. Novelists like Fitzgerald and Hemingway showed a resentment for the American Dream, showing a bitterness over what the war had brought them. Meanwhile, artists began to create more abstract pieces, yet continued to show a jarring amount of realism in the sense of the way things were viewed. These artists wanted to show the bleak reality in their minds, but the development of photography made it so that realistic figure were unnecessary. A lot of these styles arose from an Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud, who theorized that human behavior is driven by subconscious desires, and that one can only fit in society by suppressing them. His theories then went on to say that the suppression of these urges made one both mentally and physically ill. The twenties became a pathway to new explorations of art and literature, going far beyond the idealist beliefs of previous authors and artists.